Saturday, November 30, 2019
The Theme Of Inherit The Wind Essay Example For Students
The Theme Of Inherit The Wind Essay In the play Inherit the Wind by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Lee, the theme is that all people have the right to think. One examply that supports the theme is the conversation between Howard and Melinda. While dangling a worm in front of Melinda, Howard remarks, Whatre yuh skeered of You was a worm once (4). Melinda replies by exclaiming thats sinful talk and Im gonna tell my pa (4). The two children ponder their beliefs and are influenced by the people around them. The thinking process begins when very young. Children constantly ask the question Why? Howard and Melinda begin to wonder what is the right belief. Another example of the theme occurs during the questioning in act two. During the questioning, Drummond desperately tries to establish that everyone has the right to think (64). We will write a custom essay on The Theme Of Inherit The Wind specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Drummond says that a man is on trial and threatened with fine and imprisonment because he chooses to speak what he thinks (64). Yet another example of the theme occurs when Bert and Rachel decide to go off on their own. Rachels decision to break away from the beliefs of her narrow-minded father and go off with Bert is expressed when she replies to Bert, Im not sure. But Im leaving my father (110). Cates offers to carry Rachels suitcase while shouting over his shoulder, See you at the depot (115). Theyve decided that although they arent sure which belief is right or wrong, they want to know that theyre free to speak what they think. Indeed, the theme of Inherit the Wind is the right to think.Words/ Pages : 280 / 24
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Case about Yahoo essays
Case about Yahoo essays 1. Success as a Web Search Engine a. Why was Yahoo! such an early success on the Web? Yahoo was an early success due to a combination of factors such as timing, hard work, and a good understanding of Web surfers tastes and needs.. In early 1995, Net mania was just flowering. It was a great time to be a young entrepreneur with an Internet idea. Dave Faldo and Jerry Yang saw a consumer need for classifying and differentiating web sights. Resting the urge to automate this process, Yahoos founders instead chose to manually perform this search, reviewing and classifying roughly 1000 sights a day. This approach combined with their decision to offer a free service lead to early success. b. Why was Yahoo! more successful as a search engine than other, more technically superior search engines? Yahoo!s search engine was designed to be both reliable and streamlined. The design was simple so it would pop up quickly. Its focus was on quality, not quantity. Yangs comment that if you have 13 Madonna sights, you probably dont need a 14th rings true. Surfers choosing Yahoo! not only were provided reliable information, but they were not bombarded with 1000 sights to review. Additionally, Yahoo! provided a product that was appealing and fun to use. c. Why is the fact that Yahoo! spends money on people, not computers, one of the keys to their success? Yahoo!s founders business plan was to manually categorize existing web sights and provide a succinct list of quality sights to choose from. This human-created directory was all that distinguished Yahoo! from its competitors as Net euphoria swept the stock market in early 1996. Other search engines were throwing any sight that met the search requirements at the user. Yahoo!s concept saved the browser the time they would otherwise spend filtering out the garbage to find these quality sights. 2. Building a...
Friday, November 22, 2019
Biography of Sir Seretse Khama, African Statesman
Biography of Sir Seretse Khama, African Statesman Seretse Khama (July 1, 1921–July 13, 1980) was the first prime minister and president of Botswana. Overcoming political resistance to his interracial marriage, he became the countrys first post-colonial leader and served from 1966 to his death in 1980. During his tenure, he oversaw Botswanas rapid economic development. Fast Facts: Sir Seretse Khama Known For: First prime minister and president of post-colonial Botswana Born: July 1, 1921 in Serowe, British Protectorate of BechuanalandParents: Tebogo Kebailele and Sekgoma Khama IIDied: July 13, 1980 in Gaborone, BotswanaEducation: Fort Hare College, South Africa; Balliol College, Oxford, England; the Inner Temple, London, EnglandPublished Works: From the Frontline: Speeches of Sir Seretse KhamaSpouse: Ruth Williams KhamaChildren: Jacqueline Khama, Ian Khama, Tshekedi Khama II, Anthony KhamaNotable Quote: It should now be our intention to try to retrieve what we can of our past. We should write our own history books to prove that we did have a past, and that it was a past that was just as worth writing and learning about as any other. We must do this for the simple reason that a nation without a past is a lost nation, and a people without a past is a people without a soul. Early Life Seretse Khama was born in Serowe, British Protectorate of Bechuanaland, on July 1, 1921. His grandfather Kgama III was paramount chief (Kgosi) of the Bama-Ngwato, part of the Tswana people of the region. Kgama III had traveled to London in 1885, leading a delegation which asked for Crown protection to be given to Bechuanaland, foiling the empire building ambitions of Cecil Rhodes and the incursions of the Boers. Kgama III died in 1923 and the paramountcy briefly passed to his son Sekgoma II, who died two years later. At the age of 4, Seretse Khama effectively became Kgosi and his uncle Tshekedi Khama was made regent. Studying in Oxford and London Seretse Khama was educated in South Africa and graduated from Fort Hare College in 1944 with a Bachelors degree. In 1945 he left for England to study law- initially for a year at Balliol College, Oxford, and then at the Inner Temple, London. In June 1947, Seretse Khama first met Ruth Williams, a WAAF ambulance driver during World War II who was working as a clerk at Lloyds. Their marriage in September 1948 threw southern Africa into political turmoil. Repercussions of Mixed Marriage The apartheid government in South Africa had banned interracial marriages and the marriage of a black chief to a British white woman was a problem. The British government feared that South Africa would invade Bechuanaland or that it would immediately move for full independence. This was particularly a concern for Britain because it was still heavily in debt after World War II. Britain could not afford to lose the mineral wealth of South Africa, especially gold and uranium (needed for Britains atomic bomb projects). Mixed Marriage Controversy Resolved Back in Bechuanaland, the regent Tshekedi, Khamas uncle, was annoyed. He attempted to disrupt the marriage and demanded that Seretse return home to have it annulled. Seretse came back immediately and was received by Tshekedi with the words, You Seretse, come here ruined by others, not by me. Seretse fought hard to persuade the Bama-Ngwato people of his continued suitability as chief. On June 21, 1949, at a Kgotla (a meeting of the elders) he was declared Kgosi and his new wife was warmly welcomed. Fit to Rule Seretse Khama returned to Britain to continue with his law studies, but he was met with a Parliamentary investigation into his suitability for the chieftaincy. While Bechuanaland was under its protection, Britain claimed the right to ratify any succession. Unfortunately for the British government, the investigations report concluded that Seretse was eminently fit to rule. The British subsequently suppressed the report for 30 years. Seretse and his wife were banished from Bechuanaland in 1950. Nationalist Hero Under international pressure for its apparent racism, Britain relented and allowed Seretse Khama and his wife to return to Bechuanaland in 1956. They could return on the condition that both he and his uncle renounced their claim to the chieftaincy. What the British did not expect was the political acclaim that six years of exile had given him back home. Seretse Khama was seen as a nationalist hero. In 1962 Seretse founded the Bechuanaland Democratic Party and campaigned for multi-racial reform. Elected Prime Minister High on Seretse Khamas agenda was a need for democratic self-government and he pushed the British authorities hard for independence. In 1965, the center of Bechuanaland government was moved from Mafikeng, South Africa, to the newly established capital of Gaborone. Seretse Khama was elected as Prime Minister. When the country achieved independence on September 30, 1966, Seretse became the first president of the Republic of Botswana. He was reelected twice and died in office in 1980. President of Botswana Seretse Khama used his influence with the countrys various ethnic groups and traditional chiefs to create a strong, democratic government. During his rule, Botswana had the most rapidly growing economy of the world (starting from a point of great poverty). The discovery of diamond deposits allowed the government to finance the creation of new social infrastructure. The countrys second major export resource, beef, allowed for the development of wealthy entrepreneurs. International Roles While in power, Seretse Khama refused to allow neighboring liberation movements to establish camps in Botswana but permitted transit to camps in Zambia. This resulted in several raids from South Africa and Rhodesia. Khama also played a prominent role in the negotiated transition from white minority rule in Rhodesia to multi-racial rule in Zimbabwe. He was also a key negotiator in the creation of the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) which was launched in April 1980, shortly before his death. Death On July 13, 1980, Seretse Khama died in office of pancreatic cancer. He was buried in the Royal Cemetery. Quett Ketumile Joni Masire, his vice president, took office and served (with reelection) until March 1998. Legacy Botswana was a poor and internationally obscure country when Seretse Khama became its first post-colonial leader. At the time of his death, Khama had led Botswana to become more economically developed and increasingly democratic. It had become an important broker in Southern African politics. Since Seretse Khamas death, Botswanan politicians and cattle barons have begun to dominate the countrys economy, to the detriment of the working classes. The situation is more serious for the minority Bushman peoples, which form 6% of the countrys population, with pressure for land around the Okavango Delta increasing as cattle ranchers and mines move in. Sources Khama, Seretse. From the Frontline: Speeches of Sir Seretse Khama. Hoover Institute Press, 1980.Sahoboss. â€Å"President Seretse Khama.† South African History Online, 31 August 2018.â€Å"Seretse Khama 1921–80.† Sir Seretse Khama.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Reggae Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Reggae Music - Essay Example During the run-up to the elections, he arranged concerts where Eccles’ performed politically loaded numbers. The other Reggae groups that were also supportive of Manley were Dennis Brown, the Chosen Few and The Wailers. Let’s take, for example, Eccles’s â€Å"Rod of Correction†. The title of the song is a reference to the staff given to Michael Manley, as a gift, by Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia. The Emperor was highly revered across the black diasporas and more so in the Caribbean. The biblical symbolism is noted in how the rod commonly came to be known as â€Å"Joshua’s Rod†, whereby making Manley the Joshua – the personification of the â€Å"good†according to the Old Testament. And just as Joshua brought down the walls of Jericho and led the Jews to the land of Canaan, Manley was projected to lead his fellow countrymen to peace and prosperity. There are other symbolic references too. The parable of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah and the story of the crossing of the Red Sea by the Israelites are the other references to the Old Testament. Manley is portrayed as Joshua (the Savior) and his incumbent opponent is taken as the Pharoah. Need less to say, such powerful biblical symbolism made a critical impact on the Jamaican society, which was highly religious, and made Michael Manley the Prime Minister. The people will later be disappointed with Manley and disillusioned of his promises of paradise are quite another story (Cooper 1996).
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Compare and contrast the book with other materials Essay
Compare and contrast the book with other materials - Essay Example d that women were underrepresented in the work place because most of the jobs in the factories require a lot of physical energy making women unfit for these jobs. However, today with the major advancements in technology, a lot of jobs do not call for physical energy. This means that both women and men work well without difficulties. However, it is observed that even in these jobs, women are still underrepresented. I agree with the author that there is need to increase the diversity in the workplace by having an equal representation of both genders. It is true that both men and women have their biological differences, this also influences their perspectives and this can be tapped to get better performance at the work place. Women are also the care givers and homemakers; this should not be used as an excuse of not giving them jobs. However, I tend to disagree with the author that men should not be obligated to support their spouses. This is because the systems that already exist favor the male gender and removal of spousal support would only make the situation of the women worse. There is a need to have a complete overhaul of the current system and ensure that women get equal opportunities as the men and they would be able to support themselves. The salaries also need to be harmonized because you would observe in many instances women are given lower wages and salaries despite performing similar tasks to their male counterparts. The letter from Birmingham jail by Martin Luther King Junior is a justification of the nonviolent action that was being taken by Luther follow in Birmingham. The clergymen in the south have termed the move as untimely and unwise. According to him, the measures that the back people were conducting in order to have their rights given to them is incomparable to the injustices that the whites had metered towards the blacks. He says that they had burned down their houses, enslaved them and the segregation in Birmingham was worse than any other
Saturday, November 16, 2019
Where Have You Gone Essay Example for Free
Where Have You Gone Essay Often in life, it is the choices we make that shape our identity. Our behaviors, and actions determine the outcome; ultimately becoming a part of our character. In the poem â€Å"Where Have You Gone? †by Mari Evans the author reveals the consequences of a tragic ending to an overly reliant relationship. Evans suggests that when in a relationship, often one individual chooses to rely too much on the other without realizing; building a heavy dependency, causing the loss of their own identity. Like Evans poem, I personally had to learn the consequences of my decisions which led to detrimental effects between my relationship with my sister. Through Evans illuminating poem we are able to assess the devastating effects of a poor woman who has been abandoned by her lover. Evans choice to use the title â€Å"Where have you gone? †conveys her sense of loss and confusion. The entire poem centers over this nagging question. The repetition of the same inquiry amplifies the growing bewilderment and confusion inside her, tearing her apart. Initially, we are led to believe we are reading an ordinary love poem with the reference of a woman who misses his â€Å"confident walk with [his] crooked smile†until Evans reveals him leaving with â€Å"the rent money in one pocket and [her] heart in another †This drastically changes the sense of superficiality in a relationship. For the woman this is not just heartbreak, but she has lost her sense of survival. It becomes apparent she is grieving when Evans states â€Å"with you went the sun. With the absence of sunlight, it leaves her in the darkness longing for his return. For his return will relieve her of distress and mourning. It is evident that she lost her sense of identity through her dependencies on him emotionally and financially. When I was a child, I looked up to my oldest sister. I wanted to look just like her. After entering junior high school, I made a new group of friends and changed the way I dressed and acted. I had begun copying my sister relentlessly. I made it my priority to sneak into her room and â€Å"borrow†her clothes. My decision to disrespect my sister’s belongings led to frequent arguments, and physical brawls. She began distancing herself from me and our once strong relationship vanished. Through this phase I lost the older sister I grew up with because of my obsession with merely wanting to fit in at school. Consequently, I became extremely lost as to who I was, unable to remember the person prior; leading me to live a life that was not mine. Eventually, I realized this contributed to the shattered bonds with my sister, and even resulted in losing my own identity. My experience suggests often individuals can become so caught up with others we lose sight of who we actually are. Mari Evans poem â€Å"Where Have You Gone? †is the after effects of having been abandoned by her lover. We witness the devastating effects of a woman who has been cripplingly reliant on another person. Sadly, situations like these happen when individuals choose to invest themselves too deeply into a relationship which causes an individual to lose their sense of self.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Beckett :: essays research papers
                                                       1                               BECKETT      King Henry II was a very extreme and shallow ruler. The king had a harsh method that only aided himself. He was not the best family man, king, or friend. He was he was surrounded by an obsession of one person, his best friend, Beckett. King Henry reigned with a tyrannical attitude, manipulative persona, and had a severe obsession for Beckett.      King Henry II ruled his country to an unnecessary extreme. The majority of the king's time was spent benefiting his own welfare. Only close family, friends, and nobility were taken care of. The king blatantly took care of himself and his supporters, overlooking the people who needed the most help. Henry spent too much of his time waiting for Beckett's consent.      King Henry possesses a manipulative mind-set. Henry attempts to manipulate Beckett, but does not succeed. Beckett is too intelligent to be controlled by the king. Unfortunately King Henry's family is manipulated by him. The King's family is aware of his manipulation, but attempting to do anything about it will only result negatively. The queen tried this at supper, but she was yelled at and sent out of the room by the king.      2 King Henry has an intense obsession with Beckett. The king desires Beckett's love and approval. Without Beckett's direction and care for King Henry, the King will not even bathe. After Beckett devoted his life to God, King Henry's obsession grew stronger. King Henry exiled his best friend out of his country. Beckett was not supposed to leave the country, but secretly did. Henry indirectly told his guards that he did not want Beckett leaving. After reuniting on a French beach, they argued, and went their separate ways. But before the King headed back, he yelled Beckett's name one last time with no reply.
Monday, November 11, 2019
Negative Impacts of Internet
The advent of the Internet has been one of the most exciting major events in the second half of the 20thtcentury. The ancient dream of â€Å"a scholar knows all things happening in the world without venturing outdoors†has finally become a reality. Since 1993, the Internet started to take off. At present, the Internet has spread to more than 180 countries and regions, connecting more than 600,000 domestic networks of various types, hooking up more than 20 million computers available to 120 million users (2% of the entire global population). However, due to its innate transnational, decentralized, open and unregulated nature, the Internet as a free, open and anarchic device has brought various countries great risks First of all, the internet has negatively influenced the countries politics because the Internet explicitly propagates and implicitly spreads western democratic values. These views are mainly spread through some governmental organizations or government-sponsored groups in the West. They select some typical stories that reflect western democracy and wrapped them up in attractive packages. Then they put these stories in visual and/or audio format and give them to people with great appeal and attractiveness. Most of those who have visited these websites come off praising the beauty of western democracy. The Internet can be also used as a tool to harm national sovereignty and interfere with other countries’ internal affairs. In some websites, when agencies and organizations of some foreign governments publish data, they treat areas such as Taiwan and Tibet as independent countries. The website of the U. S. National Geographic Society once published a map of Asia, which flagrantly excludes the South China Sea and Taiwan from our territories. Another example is that some websites have published views supporting Taiwanese and Tibetan independence and providing some so-called â€Å"historical evidence. †This has clearly interfered with Chinese internal affairs. The politically intended websites all have certain level of deceptiveness, influencing people to accept their views subconsciously, albeit with some doubt at first, thus shaking people’s firm stance of ideological correctness. Secondly, the internet causes cultural degradation because the Internet advocates western life-styles. These websites display various aspects of western society and life, and the overwhelming majority of them have positive portrayals of the western life-style. It makes people believe that the West seems to be countries of absolute freedom and paradise for individual achievement where private life is without obstacles and external inferences. Partial information such as this is particularly appealing to our youths whose life philosophy and worldview have yet to mature. Many of these youths aspire with great diligence to go abroad just to â€Å"change a way of living. †The Internet also poses a potential threat to information warfare. Some countries have applied the Internet into military operations, have conducted mock attacks against other countries’ networks, or have fabricated deceptive information harmful to other countries’ military forces. At a time when the information networks have become an important infrastructure of the nation and the military, the information warfare will be a war without the explosives, a war with a high invisibility, low cost, international, and multi-area (political, military, economic, social and material resources etc. approach. The high-tech nature and the unpredictability of combat intelligence in information warfare have made it extremely difficult to organize an information defense. The U. S. Department of Defense has specifically established an â€Å"Executive Committee on Information Warfare,†which is devoted to studying national policy for information warfare, and conducting war games on some websites. According to a report by the Sunday Thames of England, on 29 June (1998), experts from Great Britain and the United States conducted a secret military exercise in the destructive attacks on computers, with the objective of preventing a blitzkrieg in an information war. The result of the exercise indicates that just a few hackers can paralyze the stock market, military systems and airports, making the superpower, the United States, unable to move around. In a future information war, national financial transaction centers, stocks exchange centers, air traffic control centers, telecommunications control centers, railway control headquarters and various military networks, will inevitably become the main targets of information warfare. In conclusion, the internet is detrimental to a country’s culture, politics and security. Since it’s impossible to close the networks we must control and do our best to destroy its negative impacts when we can. Adapted from: http://www.uscc.gov/researchpapers/2000_2003/pdfs/neg.pdf
Saturday, November 9, 2019
Maggie: a Girl on the Streets
Maggie: A Girl On the Streets The problems that were faced by Maggie, and many other women in the lower social-economic levels during the Gilded Age, are almost unbearable to imagine. She faced discrimination, attachment issues, and grew up with a dysfunctional family that failed to show affection. Fortunately for Maggie, she wasn’t like the people she lived around. As Stephen Crane put it, â€Å"None of the dirt of Rum Alley seemed to be in her veins†(Maggie 16). This unique feature acquired by Maggie gave her the ability to improve her chance, even by a slim chance.Maggie grew up with a family who would have been classified as the low-class, in the scums of New York City. This is where Maggie naturally sets back her chances on eventually leaving her awful neighborhood, also known as Rum Alley. The name of the neighborhood basically describes the type of neighborhood it really is. It’s filled with many alcoholic families, with children who don’t receive the affection that they deserve from their elders. This unfortunately makes it difficult for Maggie to find help inside her neighborhood, which forces her to make good decisions inside her neighborhood.Maggie was discriminated on mainly for one reason: for being a woman. During this time period, women were socially accepted inside the house, but not out of it. On the streets was where men were found whether they were working, or drinking at the local tavern. Women at this time were harassed unapologetically. For example, when Pete comes to Maggie’s house he tells her, â€Å"I'm stuck on yer shape. It's outa sight. †(Maggie 19). Maggie didn’t want to end up as a low-life scum living as a housewife when she became older. She wanted to be somebody. Discrimination of women and lower-class citizens unfairly held Maggie back from the start.She had a slim-to-none chance. Maggie suffered attachment issues numerous times in the novel. She became afraid to befriend anyon e because all of her previous attachments had left her. Maggie finds herself falling for a young man named Pete. Pete comes off as a nice gentleman, but behind his good looks is just another boy looking for a good time. He keeps this hidden from Maggie until after he seduces her into having sex, then leaves her. Maggie’s brother, Jimmie, abandons her after Maggie â€Å"brings disgrace on the family†after having sex with Pete. Maggie’s mother, Mary, abandons her after Maggie runs away from home.Mary blames Maggie on her immorality instead of considering her own alcohol problem. As stated before, Rum Alley was occupied with several alcohol-induced dwellers that participated in lower-class activities such as street fighting. Maggie’s family wasn’t any exception. Both Maggie’s parents were extreme alcoholics. Mary was destructive as they get. Considered the incarnation of the devil, Mary is hypocritical enough to condemn her daughter for immora lity. Maggie’s father, Mr. Johnson, is only referred to his last name in the book. He isn’t in the novel for very long until he dies.What is seen of Mr. Johnson is a brutally violent father who dwells at the bars every night to escape the â€Å"living hell†at home. Jimmie is Maggie’s brother. In spite of the abuse he receives at home, he fights on the streets. Jimmie is a hotheaded fighter that refuses to back down. For example,†’Naw,’ responded Jimmie with a valiant roar, ‘dese micks can't make me run,’†Jimmie says in one of the first lines in the book (Maggie 1). Although Jimmie and Maggie seem to somewhat get along in the beginning of the novel, Jimmie ends up scorning Maggie and blaming her for what happened with Pete.Jimmie is hypocritical in his reasoning because he too has seduced and abandoned women in the past. Maggie grew up in a place with no hope; a place where many are born and never leave. Maggie had a vision to leave Rum Alley. This vision eventually seemed out of her grasp, and she decided to end her life because of it. Maggie overcame many obstacles in her life including discrimination, attachment issues, and faced an abusive and dysfunctional family her entire life. Maggie is a great example of a visionary, or one who thinks about the future with imagination and wisdom. We could all use a little Maggie’s vision in us.
Thursday, November 7, 2019
Creative Process essays
Creative Process essays The creative process is learning not to see with your eyes, but with your heart and soul. Creativity is an original product of the imagination. The imagination is the central force in driving the creative process. The creative process focuses on the mechanisms and phases involved as one partakes in a creative act. A second aspect of creativity is the creative person. Here, personality traits of creative people are central. The creative process includes five steps but is not limiting, leaving room for your own style to shine through. Creativity involves the translation of our unique gifts, talents and vision into an external reality that is new, useful and uniquely ours. Stephen Nachmanovitch, author of Free Play, wrote spontaneous creation comes from our deepest being and is immaculately and originally ourselves...ultimately, the only techniques that can help us are those we invent ourselves (10). We should not feel constrained to stay between the lines; we should feel free to express ourselves in any way we see fit. Originality is derived from being true to ourselves, not anything else. Artist Betty Edwards believes there are five common steps in the creative process. The creative process steps should be used as a guideline to aid the creative individual along the way. Luckily, the trail...is at least marked with pointers to guide the chase...like clues in a treasure hunt, these notations spur the quest (Edwards 2). The stages of the creative process follow a successive order beginning with the first insight and followed by saturation, incubation, illumination and verification. There is not much more to say about the creative process because there are different personality types, and the creative processes of one are not the same as those of another...each of us must find his or her own way into and through these essential mysteries (Nachmanovitch 10). The process is like a dark...
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
About John Stuart Mill, a Male Feminist and Philosopher
About John Stuart Mill, a Male Feminist and Philosopher John Stuart Mill (1806 to 1873) is best known for his writings on liberty, ethics, human rights and economics. The utilitarian ethicist Jeremy Bentham was an influence in his youth. Mill, an atheist, was godfather to Bertrand Russell. A friend was Richard Pankhurst, the husband of suffrage activist Emmeline Pankhurst. John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor had 21 years of an unmarried, intimate friendship. After her husband died, they married in 1851. That same year, she published an essay, The Enfranchisement of Women, advocating for women being able to vote. It was barely three years after American women had called for womens suffrage at the Womans Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, New York. The Mills claimed that a transcript of a speech by Lucy Stone from the 1850 Womens Rights Convention was their inspiration. Harriet Taylor Mill died in 1858. Harriets daughter served as his assistant in subsequent years. John Stuart Mill published On Liberty shortly before Harriet died, and many believe that Harriet had more than a small influence on that work. The Subjection of Women Mill wrote The Subjection of Women in 1861, though it was not published until 1869. In this, he argues for education of women and for perfect equality for them. He credited Harriet Taylor Mill with co-authoring the essay, but few at the time or later took it seriously. Even today, many feminists accept his word on this, while many non-feminist historians and authors do not. The opening paragraph of this essay makes his position quite clear: The object of this Essay is to explain as clearly as I am able grounds of an opinion which I have held from the very earliest period when I had formed any opinions at all on social political matters, and which, instead of being weakened or modified, has been constantly growing stronger by the progress reflection and the experience of life. That the principle which regulates the existing social relations between the two sexes - the legal subordination of one sex to the other - is wrong itself, and now one of the chief hindrances to human improvement; and that it ought to be replaced by a principle of perfect equality, admitting no power or privilege on the one side, nor disability on the other. Parliament From 1865 to 1868, Mill served as a Member of Parliament. In 1866, he became the first M.P. ever to call for women being given the vote, introducing a bill written by his friend Richard Pankhurst. Mill continued to advocate for womens vote along with other reforms including additional suffrage extensions. He served as president of the Society for Womens Suffrage, founded in 1867. Extending Suffrage to Women In 1861, Mill had published Considerations on Representative Government, advocating for for a universal but graduated suffrage. This was the basis for many of his efforts in Parliament. Here is an excerpt from chapter VIII, Of the Extension of the Suffrage, where he discusses womens voting rights: In the preceding argument for universal but graduated suffrage, I have taken no account of difference of sex. I consider it to be as entirely irrelevant to political rights as difference in height or in the color of the hair. All human beings have the same interest in good government; the welfare of all is alike affected by it, and they have equal need of a voice in it to secure their share of its benefits. If there be any difference, women require it more than men, since, being physically weaker, they are more dependent on law and society for protection. Mankind have long since abandoned the only premises which will support the conclusion that women ought not to have votes. No one now holds that women should be in personal servitude; that they should have no thought, wish, or occupation but to be the domestic drudges of husbands, fathers, or brothers. It is allowed to unmarried, and wants but little of being conceded to married women to hold property, and have pecuniary and business interests in the same manner as men. It is considered suitable and proper that women should think, and write, and be teachers. As soon as these things are admitted, the political disqualification has no principle to rest on. The whole mode of thought of the modern world is, with increasing emphasis, pronouncing against the claim of society to decide for individuals what they are and are not fit for, and what they shall and shall not be allowed to attempt. If the principles of modern politics and political economy are good for any thing, it is for proving that these points can only be rightly judged of by the individuals themselves; and that, under complete freedom of choice, wherever there are real diversities of aptitude, the greater number will apply themselves to the things for which they are on the average fittest, and the exceptional course will only be taken by the exceptions. Either the whole tendency of modern social improvements has been wrong, or it ought to be carried ou t to the total abolition of all exclusions and disabilities which close any honest employment to a human being. But it is not even necessary to maintain so much in order to prove that women should have the suffrage. Were it as right as it is wrong that they should be a subordinate class, confined to domestic occupations and subject to domestic authority, they would not the less require the protection of the suffrage to secure them from the abuse of that authority. Men, as well as women, do not need political rights in order that they may govern, but in order that they may not be misgoverned. The majority of the male sex are, and will be all their lives, nothing else than laborers in corn-fields or manufactories; but this does not render the suffrage less desirable for them, nor their claim to it less irresistible, when not likely to make a bad use of it. Nobody pretends to think that woman would make a bad use of the suffrage. The worst that is said is that they would vote as mere dependents, the bidding of their male relations. If it be so, so let it be. If they think for themselves, great go od will be done; and if they do not, no harm. It is a benefit to human beings to take off their fetters, even if they do not desire to walk. It would already be a great improvement in the moral position of women to be no longer declared by law incapable of an opinion, and not entitled to a preference, respecting the most important concerns of humanity. There would be some benefit to them individually in having something to bestow which their male relatives can not exact, and are yet desirous to have. It would also be no small matter that the husband would necessarily discuss the matter with his wife, and that the vote would not be his exclusive affair, but a joint concern. People do not sufficiently consider how markedly the fact that she is able to have some action on the outward world independently of him, raises her dignity and value in a vulgar mans eyes, and makes her the object of a respect which no personal qualities would ever obtain for one whose social existence he can ent irely appropriate. The vote itself, too, would be improved in quality. The man would often be obliged to find honest reasons for his vote, such as might induce a more upright and impartial character to serve with him under the same banner. The wifes influence would often keep him true to his own sincere opinion. Often, indeed, it would be used, not on the side of public principle, but of the personal interest or worldly vanity of the family. But, wherever this would be the tendency of the wifes influence, it is exerted to the full already in that bad direction, and with the more certainty, since under the present law and custom she is generally too utter a stranger to politics in any sense in which they involve principle to be able to realize to herself that there is a point of honor in them; and most people have as little sympathy in the point of honor of others, when their own is not placed in the same thing, as they have in the religious feelings of those whose religion differs f rom theirs. Give the woman a vote, and she comes under the operation of the political point of honor. She learns to look on politics as a thing on which she is allowed to have an opinion, and in which, if one has an opinion, it ought to be acted upon; she acquires a sense of personal accountability in the matter, and will no longer feel, as she does at present, that whatever amount of bad influence she may exercise, if the man can but be persuaded, all is right, and his responsibility covers all. It is only by being herself encouraged to form an opinion, and obtain an intelligent comprehension of the reasons which ought to prevail with the conscience against the temptations of personal or family interest, that she can ever cease to act as a disturbing force on the political conscience of the man. Her indirect agency can only be prevented from being politically mischievous by being exchanged for direct. I have supposed the right of suffrage to depend, as in a good state of things it would, on personal conditions. Where it depends, as in this and most other countries, on conditions of property, the contradiction is even more flagrant. There something more than ordinarily irrational in the fact that when a woman can give all the guarantees required from a male elector, independent circumstances, the position of a householder and head of a family, payment of taxes, or whatever may be the conditions imposed, the very principle and system of a representation based on property is set aside, and an exceptionally personal disqualification is created for the mere purpose of excluding her. When it is added that in the country where this is done a woman now reigns, and that the most glorious ruler whom that country ever had was a woman, the picture of unreason and scarcely disguised injustice is complete. Let us hope that as the work proceeds of pulling down, one after another, the remains of the mouldering fabric of monopoly and tyranny, this one will not be the last to disappear; that the opinion of Bentham, of Mr. Samuel Bailey, of Mr. Hare, and many other of the most powerful political thinkers of this age and country (not to speak of others), will make its way to all minds not rendered obdurate by selfishness or inveterate prejudice; and that, before the lapse another generation, the accident of sex, no more than the accident of skin, will be deemed a sufficient justification for depriving its possessor of the equal protection and just privileges of a citizen. (Chapter VIII Of the Extension of the Suffrage from Considerations of Representative Government, by John Stuart Mill, 1861.)
Saturday, November 2, 2019
Explaining Mens Entry Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Explaining Mens Entry - Article Example The article has focused on the social imperatives that may be responsible for men taking up jobs in female concentrated occupations. The article, on the contrary, is a research study that has touched an aspect of the gender issue that is not voluntary but forced on the so-called dominating male. The author says that in the contemporary times, men are entering into female concentrated occupations but refuse to contemplate or accept the need for either crossing the socio-psychological barrier or making any efforts to bridge the increasing divisions within the social fabric. They are not entering into the so-called female occupation out of personal preferences but because they either do not have any option or their decisions are solely based on vested interests and career goals. The article details the short research that was conducted on the odd 27 men, gives pertinent information regarding men’s behavior under different situational paradigm. The research methodology was focused on ‘interview’ that could have prompted the pre-meditated response. But at the same time, it has combined so many issues into one that the impact of the study has lost context and bumbles at the dark recesses of the research arena that are either already proved or have already been articulated by others. The research itself is confined to such small sample that it may not actually represent the true state of the issue in question. The highlight of the research was that the men were perceived to have personalities that are focused towards self-interests and ego-based, which were often at the crossroad to the wider objectives of the workplace. The research has reasserted that masculinity is a major factor with men and have analyzed in a scientifically comprehensive manner that may not be easily understood by a common man.
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